The environment in which we live influences many aspects of our health, from physical condition to mental well-being. A recent study highlighted the role of geographic location, particularly proximity to the ocean, in extending life expectancy. Amid increasingly dense cities and high levels of urban stress, these findings are a welcome relief. Understanding the benefits of coastal environments can help governments, city planners, and individuals design healthier living spaces and enjoy a better quality of life.
Study Methods by The Ohio State University
The study was conducted by a research team from The Ohio State University and published in the journal Environmental Research. The researchers analyzed population data from more than 66,000 census tracts in the United States, correlating life expectancy with the distance of respondents' homes to the coast or bay. The census data included demographic information such as age, income, and transportation access. By comparing coastal and inland areas, the study successfully explored the correlation between residential location and life expectancy.
Main Research Results
The study found that individuals living within a 30-mile (about 48 kilometers) radius of the coastline had an average life expectancy one year longer than the national average of about 79 years. Conversely, people living near large rivers or lakes in urban areas tended to have a shorter life expectancy, about 78 years. These findings were consistent across various coastlines in the United States, including the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Supporting Environmental Factors
According to Jianyong “Jamie” Wu and his team, there are several environmental factors that make coastal areas healthier:
- Cooler and More Stable Temperatures
Coastal areas have fewer days of extreme heat, thus lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. - Better Air Quality
Sea breezes help reduce fine particle air pollution, lowering the risk of respiratory problems. - Access to Recreation in Open Spaces
Beachfront walkways, jogging areas, and water sports facilities make it easy for residents to engage in regular physical activity. - Low Drought Risk
Sea level rise maintains environmental humidity, reducing disruptions to clean water supplies. - Efficient Transportation Infrastructure
Toll roads, ports, and coastal routes are often smoother, facilitating mobility and access to health services. - Higher Income
Coastal areas tend to have more advanced economic potential for tourism and trade, increasing the purchasing power of the population.
Blue Space and the Differences in Water Types
The term "blue space" refers to all types of water—seas, rivers, and lakes—that can provide psychological and physical benefits. However, this study noted that only proximity to the sea or bays conferred significant benefits for longevity. Living near inland waters, especially in large cities, is often associated with industrial pollution, limited space for exercise, the risk of flooding, and higher poverty rates. As a result, life expectancy in inland water areas is actually lower than the national average.
Implications for Urban Planning and Health Policy
Researchers hope that these findings will serve as a reference in urban planning and public health policies, so Jianyong Wu and colleagues suggest the development of artificial blue spaces such as canals, lagoons, or lakes, in urban areas to mimic coastal benefits, increasing public access to coastlines through the opening of pedestrian paths and green areas along the coast, designing waterfront city areas with integrated housing equipped with integrated health, recreation, and transportation facilities, and integrating socio-economic factors by strengthening education, employment, and public services in coastal areas; these steps are expected to extend life expectancy while reducing health disparities between regions.
Mental and Physical Health Benefits
Coastal environments not only prolong life but also support mental health. The sound of crashing waves and salty air has been shown to reduce stress, improve mood, and stimulate endorphin production. Physical activities at the beach, such as morning walks, swimming, or yoga, help improve cardiovascular fitness and lower blood pressure. This combination of natural coastal elements creates a therapeutic effect that supports overall quality of life.
How to Get Closer to the Sea
For those living in the city, the following strategies can help bring back the coastal feeling:
- Regularly Visiting the Beach
Set aside time each month to walk on a nearby beach. - Making a Water Feature
Install a small fish pond, fountain, or large aquarium in your home or office. - Planting Coastal Plants
Plant sea pandan, sea pine, or beach grass in the yard for a natural scent and atmosphere. - Natural Sound Therapy
Use recordings of crashing waves as relaxing background music at home.
These simple efforts can mimic the calming effects of the marine environment and improve well-being.
Conclusion
Research from The Ohio State University reveals that living within a 30-mile radius of the ocean correlates with a one-year longer life expectancy, compared to the average age of 79. Key factors include cooler temperatures, cleaner air, access to recreation, and improved infrastructure and economic well-being. These findings offer opportunities for urban planners and policymakers to integrate blue spaces into city design to create healthier living environments and improve people's quality of life.
